If a doctor suspects that an individual is hemorrhaging, they will place the person on the high priority list for diagnostic imaging tests, such as computed tomography CT or magnetic resonance imaging MRI scans, to locate and evaluate the extent of the hemorrhage. Once a doctor has identified the source of the bleeding, they may use angiography to look inside individual blood vessels.
Depending on the severity or cause of the hemorrhage, a doctor may also order an electrocardiogram ECG or an X-ray to assess damage or blood flow to the heart.
Treating minor or mild hemorrhages typically involves rest and hydration. Typically, a clot will develop that temporarily limits bleeding while the blood vessel repairs itself. Over time, the surrounding bodily tissues will reabsorb the excess blood. Treating moderate to severe internal bleeding involves the administration of intravenous vitamin K, fresh frozen plasma, blood, and platelets. More recently, doctors have begun to administer very high doses of complexes and compounds that stimulate clotting.
Sometimes, doctors may give intravenous fluids rich in electrolytes to people with internal bleeding. Once an individual is stabilized, or no longer at risk of death, treatment involves locating and stopping the source of the bleed.
Depending on the severity of the hemorrhage, surgery may be necessary to repair the blood vessel and remove excess blood. Physical therapy and lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking or drinking alcohol, may also be recommended to reduce the chances of further injury and bleeding.
If untreated, severe or chronic hemorrhaging might lead to organ failure, seizures, coma, external bleeding, and eventually death. Even with treatment, severe internal bleeding is often fatal. Early identification and treatment of internal bleeding can reduce the risk of complications and help a person make a full recovery. Except for minor cases, such as those involving small blood vessels close to the surface of the skin, internal bleeding requires immediate medical attention.
Even a small hemorrhage can quickly become life-threatening. In severe cases, internal bleeding can cause death within 6 hours of hospital admission. It is critical to go to a hospital or call emergency service as soon as internal bleeding is suspected. A person should be sure to notify the telephone operator or hospital reception that an individual is experiencing internal bleeding and needs urgent care.
What are the different types of bleeding, and how can a person treat them? Diagnosing an internal bleed usually requires medical tests, a physical exam, and a thorough review of your medical history. Your doctor may use lab tests and imaging tools to both identify the cause of your internal bleeding and measure the severity. An X-ray shows an image of your bones.
A CT scan is an advanced X-ray that can see bones, tissues, and blood vessels. Angiography is an imaging test that can carefully examine individual blood vessels. The first goal of treatment is to find the source of the bleeding and stop it.
Some bleeding can be minor and may stop on its own. Other cases are more severe and may require more in-depth measures, including surgery. Rest gives your body time to heal while it reabsorbs the blood and the inflammation decreases. A few additional treatment techniques may be necessary for slow bleeds once the cause is identified and treated. However, some causes of internal bleeding need greater treatment. Surgery may be necessary to stop the bleeding and clean out any pooled blood.
The type of surgery you need depends on how severe the bleeding is, where the bleeding is, and your overall health. After the bleeding stops, treatment will focus on repairing any damage and stabilizing your body.
Depending on the severity, untreated internal bleeding can lead to organ failure, coma, and in some cases death. Even with treatment, severe internal bleeding can result in death. Without quick treatment, you may experience lasting effects. For example, bleeding in the brain may cause a stroke or long-term brain damage. You may need physical, occupational, and speech therapy to relearn certain behaviors and activities.
These therapies may also help prevent future tears or blood vessel damage. If internal bleeding is caught, diagnosed, and treated appropriately, the outlook is positive. Many people can make a full recovery. Additional treatments may be necessary to prevent a future bleed, but few lasting effects will remain. Some of these disorders, like hemophilia, are hereditary while others are acquired. Those that are acquired may develop due to an existing illness like a severe liver disease and long-term use of antibiotics and medications like anticoagulants or blood thinners.
These anticoagulants or blood thinners are normally prescribed to prevent the formation of blood clots. Although these clots are important to stop the bleeding, they can also be life-threatening when they form even when there is no bleeding in the first place. Fractures — Fractures occur when bones are broken usually due to trauma injury. The vertebrae contain the bone marrow, which is responsible for producing blood cells.
If the bone breaks, the marrow, which contain a huge supply of blood, can also get damaged and leak an excessive amount of blood. Deceleration injury — This is a type of trauma after acceleration and upon impact on another object. An example is a person riding a car that suddenly gets hit by another incoming vehicle.
This injury often affects the brain, which is encased in the skull. As the vehicle collides with the vehicle, the brain moves around the skull, causing certain blood vessels to rupture, leading to intracranial hemorrhage. Pregnancy — Bleeding happens in different ways during pregnancy. A number of women can suffer miscarriage while others may have vaginal bleeding due to a medical condition known as placenta previa.
This happens when the placenta latches itself to the uterus and places itself near the cervix. Underlying condition — Certain conditions such as peptic ulcer can break a tissue, muscle, or blood vessel leading to internal bleeding. Not all types of internal bleeding cause pain and there are times when they are manageable. However, some cases can be severe and cause organ failure. Also, symptoms of internal bleeding may not be immediately noticeable.
For example, in the case of blunt force trauma, it may take a few hours before the patient notices something different in his body. In cases wherein internal bleeding warrants immediate care, such as in the case of blunt force trauma or a vehicular accident, emergency physician will handle the situation.
Otherwise, a surgeon is called to stop the bleeding and repair the site. Internal bleeding can be diagnosed in many ways. If the number of red blood cells is low, this indicates possible anemia and internal bleeding. It may also be determined through monitoring vitals such as blood pressure and heart rate.
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